The Quarternary period is a division of earth’s history spanning from around 0.05 million years ago to the present, and during which the earth has been subject to a series of glacial and interglacial phases. A major extinction of large animals in North America began in the Quaternary during which sloths, mammoths, sabre-toothed cats, horses, camels and cave bears were wiped out. The end of the Quaternary is characterised by profound changes to the global environment brought about by human activity.